– Hewlett-Packard – Wikipedia

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retrieved March 25, Retrieved October 1, In February , Lenovo became the subject of controversy for having bundled software identified as malware on some of its laptops. These constraints often make them unable to directly use basic security measures such as implementing firewalls or using strong cryptosystems to encrypt their communications with other devices [] – and the low price and consumer focus of many devices makes a robust security patching system uncommon. Main article: Internet of Military Things.
 
 

 

– Microsoft – Wikipedia

 

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March Retrieved 12 May Operating systems. Disk operating system Distributed operating system Embedded operating system Hobbyist operating system Just enough operating system Mobile operating system Network operating system Object-oriented operating system Real-time operating system Supercomputer operating system.

Device driver Loadable kernel module User space and kernel space. Fixed-priority preemptive Multilevel feedback queue Round-robin Shortest job next.

Categories : Operating systems Usage share. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. OS Device Shipments, Gartner [9]. Gartner [11]. Gartner [12]. Gartner [13]. Gartner [9]. Gartner [14]. Gartner [15]. Gartner [16]. Android or based on. Apple’s iOS. Apple’s macOS. For a discussion on the shortcomings see usage share of web browsers.

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February 9, Retrieved March 10, February 22, BBC News. March 6, Archived from the original on May 29, February 27, Download Center. November 5, Archived from the original on January 10, Retrieved December 29, November 13, Archived from the original on March 29, This city of , inhabitants has already seen 18, downloads of its city smartphone app. The app is connected to 10, sensors that enable services like parking search, environmental monitoring, digital city agenda, and more.

City context information is used in this deployment so as to benefit merchants through a spark deals mechanism based on city behavior that aims at maximizing the impact of each notification. Other examples of large-scale deployments underway include the Sino-Singapore Guangzhou Knowledge City; [82] work on improving air and water quality, reducing noise pollution, and increasing transportation efficiency in San Jose, California; [83] and smart traffic management in western Singapore.

The network was designed and engineered by Fluidmesh Networks, a Chicago-based company developing wireless networks for critical applications. With the wireless network in place, NY Waterway is able to take control of its fleet and passengers in a way that was not previously possible. New applications can include security, energy and fleet management, digital signage, public Wi-Fi, paperless ticketing and others. Significant numbers of energy-consuming devices e.

Environmental monitoring applications of the IoT typically use sensors to assist in environmental protection [94] by monitoring air or water quality , [95] atmospheric or soil conditions , [96] and can even include areas like monitoring the movements of wildlife and their habitats. IoT devices in this application typically span a large geographic area and can also be mobile. Another example of integrating the IoT is Living Lab which integrates and combines research and innovation processes, establishing within a public-private-people-partnership.

For companies to implement and develop IoT services for smart cities, they need to have incentives. The governments play key roles in smart city projects as changes in policies will help cities to implement the IoT which provides effectiveness, efficiency, and accuracy of the resources that are being used.

For instance, the government provides tax incentives and cheap rent, improves public transports, and offers an environment where start-up companies, creative industries, and multinationals may co-create, share a common infrastructure and labor markets, and take advantage of locally embedded technologies, production process, and transaction costs.

The Internet of Military Things IoMT is the application of IoT technologies in the military domain for the purposes of reconnaissance, surveillance, and other combat-related objectives. It is heavily influenced by the future prospects of warfare in an urban environment and involves the use of sensors, munitions, vehicles, robots, human-wearable biometrics, and other smart technology that is relevant on the battlefield. The Ocean of Things project is a DARPA -led program designed to establish an Internet of things across large ocean areas for the purposes of collecting, monitoring, and analyzing environmental and vessel activity data.

The project entails the deployment of about 50, floats that house a passive sensor suite that autonomously detect and track military and commercial vessels as part of a cloud-based network. There are several applications of smart or active packaging in which a QR code or NFC tag is affixed on a product or its packaging.

The tag itself is passive, however, it contains a unique identifier typically a URL which enables a user to access digital content about the product via a smartphone.

The IoT’s major significant trend in recent years is the explosive growth of devices connected and controlled by the Internet. The IoT creates opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems, resulting in efficiency improvements, economic benefits, and reduced human exertions. Ambient intelligence and autonomous control are not part of the original concept of the Internet of things.

Ambient intelligence and autonomous control do not necessarily require Internet structures, either. However, there is a shift in research by companies such as Intel to integrate the concepts of the IoT and autonomous control, with initial outcomes towards this direction considering objects as the driving force for autonomous IoT. By reinforcement learning approach, a learning agent can sense the environment’s state e.

For example, an autonomous vehicle’s camera needs to make real-time obstacle detection to avoid an accident. This fast decision making would not be possible through transferring data from the vehicle to cloud instances and return the predictions back to the vehicle. Instead, all the operation should be performed locally in the vehicle. Integrating advanced machine learning algorithms including deep learning into IoT devices is an active research area to make smart objects closer to reality.

Moreover, it is possible to get the most value out of IoT deployments through analyzing IoT data, extracting hidden information, and predicting control decisions. A wide variety of machine learning techniques have been used in IoT domain ranging from traditional methods such as regression , support vector machine , and random forest to advanced ones such as convolutional neural networks , LSTM , and variational autoencoder.

In the future, the Internet of things may be a non-deterministic and open network in which auto-organized or intelligent entities web services , SOA components and virtual objects avatars will be interoperable and able to act independently pursuing their own objectives or shared ones depending on the context, circumstances or environments.

Autonomous behavior through the collection and reasoning of context information as well as the object’s ability to detect changes in the environment faults affecting sensors and introduce suitable mitigation measures constitutes a major research trend, [] clearly needed to provide credibility to the IoT technology. Modern IoT products and solutions in the marketplace use a variety of different technologies to support such context-aware automation, but more sophisticated forms of intelligence are requested to permit sensor units and intelligent cyber-physical systems to be deployed in real environments.

It includes various database systems that store sensor data, such as time series databases or asset stores using backend data storage systems e. Cassandra, PostgreSQL. Building on the Internet of things, the web of things is an architecture for the application layer of the Internet of things looking at the convergence of data from IoT devices into Web applications to create innovative use-cases. In order to program and control the flow of information in the Internet of things, a predicted architectural direction is being called BPM Everywhere which is a blending of traditional process management with process mining and special capabilities to automate the control of large numbers of coordinated devices.

The Internet of things requires huge scalability in the network space to handle the surge of devices. With billions of devices [] being added to the Internet space, IPv6 will play a major role in handling the network layer scalability. Fog computing is a viable alternative to prevent such a large burst of data flow through the Internet. Limited processing power is a key attribute of IoT devices as their purpose is to supply data about physical objects while remaining autonomous.

Heavy processing requirements use more battery power harming IoT’s ability to operate. Scalability is easy because IoT devices simply supply data through the internet to a server with sufficient processing power.

It utilizes Fog Computing to handle and balance requests of connected IoT devices in order to reduce loading on the cloud servers, and improve responsiveness for latency-sensitive IoT applications like vital signs monitoring of patients, vehicle-to-vehicle communication of autonomous driving, and critical failure detection of industrial devices.

Conventional IoT is connected via a mesh network and led by a major head node centralized controller. Decentralized IoT attempts to address the limited bandwidth and hashing capacity of battery-powered or wireless IoT devices via lightweight blockchain. Cyberattack identification can be done through early detection and mitigation at the edge nodes with traffic monitoring and evaluation.

In semi-open or closed loops i. At the overall stage full open loop it will likely be seen as a chaotic environment since systems always have finality. As a practical approach, not all elements in the Internet of things run in a global, public space.

Subsystems are often implemented to mitigate the risks of privacy, control and reliability. For example, domestic robotics domotics running inside a smart home might only share data within and be available via a local network.

The Internet of things would encode 50 to trillion objects, and be able to follow the movement of those objects. Human beings in surveyed urban environments are each surrounded by to trackable objects. This number is expected to grow to million devices by In the Internet of things, the precise geographic location of a thing—and also the precise geographic dimensions of a thing—will be critical.

Note that some things in the Internet of things will be sensors, and sensor location is usually important. However, the challenges that remain include the constraints of variable spatial scales, the need to handle massive amounts of data, and an indexing for fast search and neighbour operations.

In the Internet of things, if things are able to take actions on their own initiative, this human-centric mediation role is eliminated. Thus, the time-space context that we as humans take for granted must be given a central role in this information ecosystem. Just as standards play a key role in the Internet and the Web, geo-spatial standards will play a key role in the Internet of things. Many IoT devices have the potential to take a piece of this market. Others are turning to the concept of predictive interaction of devices, “where collected data is used to predict and trigger actions on the specific devices” while making them work together.

IoT defines a device with an identity like a citizen in a community, and connect them to the internet to provide services to its users. SIoT is different from the original IoT in terms of the collaboration characteristics. IoT is passive, it was set to serve for dedicated purposes with existing IoT devices in predetermined system.

SIoT is active, it was programmed and managed by AI to serve for unplanned purposes with mix and match of potential IoT devices from different systems that benefit its users. IoT devices built-in with sociability will broadcast their abilities or functionalities, and at the same time discovers, navigates and groups with other IoT devices in the same or nearby network for useful service compositions in order to help its users proactively in every day’s life especially during emergency.

There are many technologies that enable the IoT. Crucial to the field is the network used to communicate between devices of an IoT installation, a role that several wireless or wired technologies may fulfill: [] [] []. The objects themselves do not converse, but they may now be referred to by other agents, such as powerful centralised servers acting for their human owners. Due to the limited address space of IPv4 which allows for 4.

To a large extent, the future of the Internet of things will not be possible without the support of IPv6; and consequently, the global adoption of IPv6 in the coming years will be critical for the successful development of the IoT in the future. This is a list of technical standards for the IoT, most of which are open standards , and the standards organizations that aspire to successfully setting them. Some scholars and activists argue that the IoT can be used to create new models of civic engagement if device networks can be open to user control and inter-operable platforms.

Philip N. Howard , a professor and author, writes that political life in both democracies and authoritarian regimes will be shaped by the way the IoT will be used for civic engagement. For that to happen, he argues that any connected device should be able to divulge a list of the “ultimate beneficiaries” of its sensor data and that individual citizens should be able to add new organisations to the beneficiary list.

In addition, he argues that civil society groups need to start developing their IoT strategy for making use of data and engaging with the public. One of the key drivers of the IoT is data. For this purpose, companies working on the IoT collect data from multiple sources and store it in their cloud network for further processing.

This leaves the door wide open for privacy and security dangers and single point vulnerability of multiple systems. Though still in their infancy, regulations and governance regarding these issues of privacy, security, and data ownership continue to develop. However, the FTC stopped at just making recommendations for now. According to an FTC analysis, the existing framework, consisting of the FTC Act , the Fair Credit Reporting Act , and the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act , along with developing consumer education and business guidance, participation in multi-stakeholder efforts and advocacy to other agencies at the federal, state and local level, is sufficient to protect consumer rights.

A resolution passed by the Senate in March , is already being considered by the Congress. The bill requires ” a manufacturer of a connected device, as those terms are defined, to equip the device with a reasonable security feature or features that are appropriate to the nature and function of the device, appropriate to the information it may collect, contain, or transmit, and designed to protect the device and any information contained therein from unauthorized access, destruction, use, modification, or disclosure, “.

Several standards for the IoT industry are actually being established relating to automobiles because most concerns arising from use of connected cars apply to healthcare devices as well. In fact, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NHTSA is preparing cybersecurity guidelines and a database of best practices to make automotive computer systems more secure.

A recent report from the World Bank examines the challenges and opportunities in government adoption of IoT. In early December , the U. The bill also seeks to improve the security credentials of consumer IoT devices. The IoT suffers from platform fragmentation , lack of interoperability and common technical standards [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [ excessive citations ] a situation where the variety of IoT devices, in terms of both hardware variations and differences in the software running on them, makes the task of developing applications that work consistently between different inconsistent technology ecosystems hard.

The IoT’s amorphous computing nature is also a problem for security, since patches to bugs found in the core operating system often do not reach users of older and lower-price devices.

Howard , a professor and author, writes that the Internet of things offers immense potential for empowering citizens, making government transparent, and broadening information access.

Howard cautions, however, that privacy threats are enormous, as is the potential for social control and political manipulation. Concerns about privacy have led many to consider the possibility that big data infrastructures such as the Internet of things and data mining are inherently incompatible with privacy. Writer Adam Greenfield claims that IoT technologies are not only an invasion of public space but are also being used to perpetuate normative behavior, citing an instance of billboards with hidden cameras that tracked the demographics of passersby who stopped to read the advertisement.

The Internet of Things Council compared the increased prevalence of digital surveillance due to the Internet of things to the conceptual panopticon described by Jeremy Bentham in the 18th Century. In Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison Foucault asserts that the panopticon was a central element of the discipline society developed during the Industrial Era. Peter-Paul Verbeek , a professor of philosophy of technology at the University of Twente , Netherlands, writes that technology already influences our moral decision making, which in turn affects human agency, privacy and autonomy.

He cautions against viewing technology merely as a human tool and advocates instead to consider it as an active agent. Justin Brookman, of the Center for Democracy and Technology , expressed concern regarding the impact of the IoT on consumer privacy , saying that “There are some people in the commercial space who say, ‘Oh, big data — well, let’s collect everything, keep it around forever, we’ll pay for somebody to think about security later.

Tim O’Reilly believes that the way companies sell the IoT devices on consumers are misplaced, disputing the notion that the IoT is about gaining efficiency from putting all kinds of devices online and postulating that the “IoT is really about human augmentation.

The applications are profoundly different when you have sensors and data driving the decision-making. Actually, it’s worse than that. You aren’t just going to lose your privacy, you’re going to have to watch the very concept of privacy be rewritten under your nose. The ACLU wrote that “There’s simply no way to forecast how these immense powers — disproportionately accumulating in the hands of corporations seeking financial advantage and governments craving ever more control — will be used.

Chances are big data and the Internet of Things will make it harder for us to control our own lives, as we grow increasingly transparent to powerful corporations and government institutions that are becoming more opaque to us. In response to rising concerns about privacy and smart technology , in the British Government stated it would follow formal Privacy by Design principles when implementing their smart metering program. The program would lead to replacement of traditional power meters with smart power meters, which could track and manage energy usage more accurately.

The Dutch program later revised and passed in A challenge for producers of IoT applications is to clean , process and interpret the vast amount of data which is gathered by the sensors. There is a solution proposed for the analytics of the information referred to as Wireless Sensor Networks. Another challenge is the storage of this bulk data. Depending on the application, there could be high data acquisition requirements, which in turn lead to high storage requirements.

Data silos, although a common challenge of legacy systems, still commonly occur with the implementation of IoT devices, particularly within manufacturing. As there are a lot of benefits to be gained from IoT and IIoT devices, the means in which the data is stored can present serious challenges without the principles of autonomy, transparency, and interoperability being considered. These challenges were commonly identified in manufactures and enterprises which have begun upon digital transformation, and are part of the digital foundation, indicating that in order to receive the optimal benefits from IoT devices and for decision making, enterprises will have to first re-align their data storing methods.

These challenges were identified by Keller when investigating the IT and application landscape of I4. Security is the biggest concern in adopting Internet of things technology, [] with concerns that rapid development is happening without appropriate consideration of the profound security challenges involved [] and the regulatory changes that might be necessary. Most of the technical security concerns are similar to those of conventional servers, workstations and smartphones.

These constraints often make them unable to directly use basic security measures such as implementing firewalls or using strong cryptosystems to encrypt their communications with other devices [] – and the low price and consumer focus of many devices makes a robust security patching system uncommon. Rather than conventional security vulnerabilities, fault injection attacks are on the rise and targeting IoT devices. A fault injection attack is a physical attack on a device to purposefully introduce faults in the system to change the intended behavior.

Faults might happen unintentionally by environmental noises and electromagnetic fields. There are ideas stemmed from control-flow integrity CFI to prevent fault injection attacks and system recovery to a healthy state before the fault. Internet of things devices also have access to new areas of data, and can often control physical devices, [] so that even by it was possible to say that many Internet-connected appliances could already “spy on people in their own homes” including televisions, kitchen appliances, [] cameras, and thermostats.

 
 

Windows 7 ultimate wikipedia indonesia free. Usage share of operating systems

 
 

The 38 fully-localized Language Pack LP languages were available as both lp. With Windows 11, that process has changed. Furthermore, these 43 languages can only be imaged using lp. This is to ensure a fully supported language-imaging and cumulative update experience. The remaining 67 LIP languages that are LXP-based will move to a self-service model, and can only be added by Windows users themselves via the Microsoft Store and Windows Settings apps, not during the Windows imaging process.

Any user, not just admins, can now add both the display language and its features, which can help users in business environments, but these exact options for languages both LP and LIP still depend on the OEM and mobile operator.

These languages are either preloaded or available for download, [] depending on the OEM, region of purchase, and mobile operator.

For each of the manufacturers listed, Yes is displayed if the language is supported or available for download in at least one region, and No is displayed if it is not supported in any region. The following languages are available for download on all and newer Surface devices regardless of the region:.

These additional languages are available for download exclusively in their respective markets, in addition to the above languages:. The basic system requirements of Windows 11 differ significantly from Windows Windows 11 only supports bit systems such as those using an x or ARM64 processor; IA processors are no longer supported.

S mode is only supported for the Home edition of Windows Original equipment manufacturers can still ship computers without a TPM 2. Reception of Windows 11 upon its reveal was positive, with critics praising the new design and productivity features.

It has been theorized that these system requirements were a measure intended to encourage the purchase of new PCs, especially amid a downturn in PC sales and increased prices due to the global chip shortage. Andrew Cunningham of Ars Technica praised the improvements to its visual design describing the new “Mica” appearance as reminiscent of the visual appearance of iOS and macOS , and arguing that Microsoft had “[made] a serious effort” at making the user-facing aspects of Windows 11 more consistent visually , window management, performance assessed as being equivalent to if not better than Windows 10 , other “beneficial tweaks”, and its system requirements having brought greater public attention to hardware security features present on modern PCs.

Criticism was raised towards Widgets’ lack of support for third-party content thus limiting it to Microsoft services only , regressions in taskbar functionality and customization, the inability to easily select default applications for common tasks such as web browsing now requiring the user to select the browser application for each file type individually , and Microsoft’s unclear justification for its processor compatibility criteria.

Cunningham concluded that “as I’ve dug into [Windows 11] and learned its ins and outs for this review, I’ve warmed to it more”, but argued that the OS was facing similar “public perception” issues to Windows Vista and Windows 8. However, he noted that 11 did not have as many performance issues or bugs as Vista had upon its release, nor was as “disjointed” as 8, and recommended that users who were unsure about the upgrade should stay on Windows 10 in anticipation of future updates to Tom Warren of The Verge described Windows 11 as being akin to a house in the middle of renovations, but that “actually using Windows 11 for the past few months hasn’t felt as controversial as I had expected”—praising its updated user interface as being more modern and reminiscent of iOS and Chrome OS , the new start menu for feeling less cluttered than the Windows 10 iteration, updates to some of its stock applications, and Snap Assist.

Warren noted that he rarely used the Widgets panel or Microsoft Teams, citing that he preferred the weather display that later versions of Windows 10 offered, and didn’t use Teams to communicate with his friends and family. He also acknowledged the expansion of Microsoft Store to include more “traditional” desktop applications.

However, he felt that Windows 11 still felt like a work in progress, noting UI inconsistencies such as dark mode and new context menu designs not being uniform across all dialogues and applications, and the modern Settings app still falling back upon legacy Control Panel applets for certain settings , regressions to the taskbar including the inability to move it, drag files onto taskbar buttons to focus the corresponding application, and the clock only shown on the primary display in multi-monitor configurations , and promised features such as dynamic refresh rate support and a universal microphone mute button not being present on the initial release.

Overall, he concluded that “I wouldn’t rush out to upgrade to Windows 11, but I also wouldn’t avoid it. After all, Windows 11 still feels familiar and underneath all the UI changes, it’s the same Windows we’ve had for decades. PC World was more critical, arguing that Windows 11 “sacrifices productivity for personality, but without cohesion”, commenting upon changes such as the inability to use local “offline” accounts on Windows 11 Home, regressions to the taskbar, a “functionally worse” start menu, Microsoft Teams integration having privacy implications and being a ploy to coerce users into switching to the service, File Explorer obscuring common functions under unclear icons, using “terribly sleazy” behaviors to discourage changing the default web browser from Microsoft Edge, and that the OS “anecdotally feels less responsive, slower, and heavier than Windows From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

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The series of generators continued production until at least as the AB, still tube-based but improved in design through the years. Hewlett and Packard worked on counter-radar technology and artillery shell proximity fuzes during World War II; the work exempted Packard from the draft, [13] but Hewlett had to serve as an officer in the Army Signal Corps after being called to active duty. HP employed people and produced the audio oscillator, a wave analyzer, distortion analyzers, an audio-signal generator, and the Model A vacuum-tube voltmeter during the war.

In , the company was incorporated with Packard as president. He handed the presidency over to Hewlett when he became chairman in , but remained CEO of the company. HP is recognized as the symbolic founder of Silicon Valley , though it did not actively investigate semiconductor devices until a few years after the ” traitorous eight ” abandoned William Shockley to create Fairchild Semiconductor in Hewlett-Packard’s HP Associates division, established around , developed semiconductor devices primarily for internal use.

The products were not a huge success, as there were high costs involved in building HP-looking products in Japan. HP spun off the small company Dynac to specialize in digital equipment. The name was picked so that the HP logo could be turned upside down to be a reflected image of the logo of the new company.

Dynac was eventually renamed Dymec and folded back into HP in The minicomputers had a simple accumulator -based design with two accumulator registers and, in the HP models, two index registers. The series was produced for 20 years in spite of several attempts to replace it, and was a forerunner of the HP and HP series of desktop and business computers.

He resumed the chairmanship in and served until , but Hewlett remained the CEO. The HP was an advanced stack-based design for a business computing server, later redesigned with RISC technology. The HP series of smart and intelligent terminals introduced forms-based interfaces to ASCII terminals, and also introduced screen labeled function keys , now commonly used on gas pumps and bank ATMs. Although scoffed at in the formative days of computing, HP surpassed IBM as the world’s largest technology vendor in terms of sales.

HP was identified by Wired magazine as the producer of the world’s first device to be called a personal computer: the Hewlett-Packard A , introduced in We therefore decided to call it a calculator, and all such nonsense disappeared. The machine’s keyboard was a cross between that of a scientific calculator and an adding machine.

There was no alphabetic keyboard. Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak originally designed the Apple I computer while working at HP and offered it to them under their right of first refusal to his work; they did not take it up as the company wanted to stay in scientific, business, and industrial markets.

The company earned global respect for a variety of products. They introduced the world’s first handheld scientific electronic calculator in the HP , the first handheld programmable in the HP , the first alphanumeric, programmable, expandable in the HP C , and the first symbolic and graphing calculator, the HPC.

Like their scientific and business calculators, their oscilloscopes , logic analyzers , and other measurement instruments have a reputation for sturdiness and usability the latter products are now part of spin-off Agilent Technologies ‘ product line, which were later spun off from Agilent as Keysight Technologies. The HP series of technical desktop computers started in with the The HP series 80 started in with the HP computers were similar in capabilities to the much later IBM Personal Computer , though the limitations of available technology forced prices to be high.

HP expanded into South Africa in the s. Activists supporting divestment from South Africa accused HP of “automating apartheid “. In , HP introduced both inkjet and laser printers for the desktop. HP developed the hardware, firmware, and software to convert data into dots for printing.

In the s, HP expanded their computer product line, which initially had been targeted at university, research, and business users, to reach consumers. In , Young was succeeded by Lewis E. Platt , and in and Hewlett and Packard stepped down from the board with Platt succeeding Packard as chairman. Later in the decade, HP opened hpshopping. In , all of the businesses not related to computers, storage, and imaging were spun off from HP to form Agilent Technologies.

HP named Redington Gulf “Wholesaler of the Year” in , which in turn published a press release stating that “[t]he seeds of the Redington-Hewlett-Packard relationship were sowed six years ago for one market — Iran. On September 3, , HP announced that an agreement had been reached with Compaq to merge the two companies. Prior to this, plans had been in place to consolidate the companies’ product teams and product lines.

The merger occurred after a proxy fight with Bill Hewlett’s son Walter, who objected to the merger. HP became a major producer in desktop computers , laptops, and servers for many different markets.

After the merger with Compaq, the new ticker symbol became “HPQ”, a combination of the two previous symbols, “HWP” and “CPQ”, to show the significance of the alliance and also key letters from the two companies H ewlett- P ackard and Compa q the latter company being famous for its “Q” logo on all of its products. In May , HP began its campaign, “The Computer is Personal Again”; the campaign was designed to bring back the personal computer as a personal product.

The campaign utilized viral marketing, sophisticated visuals, and its own website. In January , following years of underperformance, which included HP’s Compaq merger that fell short [43] and disappointing earning reports, [44] the board asked Fiorina to resign as chair and chief executive officer of the company, and she did on February 9, Hurd was the board’s top choice given the revival of NCR that took place under his leadership.

In , HP unveiled several new products including desktops, enhanced notebooks, a workstation, and software to manage them—OpenView Client Configuration Manager 2. The first targeted layoff of 24, former EDS workers was announced on September 15, Since the beginning of the financial crisis in , tech giants have constantly felt the pressure to expand beyond their current market niches. Dell purchased Perot Systems recently to invade into the technology consulting business area previously dominated by IBM.

Hewlett-Packard’s latest move marked its incursion into enterprise networking gear market dominated by Cisco. On April 28, , Palm, Inc. Buying Palm, Inc. On July 1, , the acquisition of Palm, Inc. After HP acquired Palm Inc. Hurd had turned HP around and was widely regarded as one of Silicon Valley ‘s star CEOs, and under his leadership, HP became the largest computer company in the world when measured by total revenue.

The investigation led to questions concerning some of his private expenses and the lack of disclosure related to the friendship. SAP accepted that its subsidiary, which has now closed, illegally accessed Oracle intellectual property.

On August 18, , HP announced that it would strategically exit the smartphone and tablet computer business, and focus on higher-margin “strategic priorities of Cloud, solutions and software with an emphasis on enterprise, commercial and government markets”. Lane as executive chairman. On May 30, , HP unveiled its first net zero energy data center, which uses solar energy and other renewable sources instead of traditional power grids. On September 10, , HP revised their restructuring figures and started cutting 29, jobs.

On December 31, , HP revised the number of jobs cut from 29, to 34, up to October The number of jobs cut until the end of was 24, On May 22, , HP announced it would cut a further 11, to 16, jobs, in addition to the 34, announced in Whitman said: “We are gradually shaping HP into a more nimble, lower-cost, more customer and partner-centric company that can successfully compete across a rapidly changing IT landscape.

On October 6, , HP announced it was going to split into two separate companies to separate its personal computer and printer businesses from its technology services. HP Inc. On October 29, , Hewlett-Packard announced their new Sprout personal computer. HP’s global operations were directed from its headquarters in Palo Alto, California.

Its European offices were in Meyrin , close to Geneva, Switzerland, [] but it also had a research center in the Paris-Saclay cluster 20 km south of Paris, France. Its Asia-Pacific offices were in Singapore. Its acquisition of 3Com expanded its employee base to Marlborough, Massachusetts , where it has been manufacturing its convertible laptop series since late MphasiS , which is headquartered at Bangalore, also enabled HP to increase their footprint in the city as it was a subsidiary of EDS which the company acquired.

HP produced lines of printers, scanners, digital cameras, calculators, personal digital assistants , servers, workstation computers, and computers for home and small-business use; many of the computers came from the merger with Compaq. HP as of [update] promoted itself as supplying not just hardware and software, but also a full range of services to design, implement, and support IT infrastructure.

HP’s Imaging and Printing Group IPG was described by the company in as “the leading imaging and printing systems provider in the world for printer hardware, printing supplies and scanning devices, providing solutions across customer segments from individual consumers to small and medium businesses to large enterprises”.

HP Software Division was the company’s enterprise software unit, which produced and marketed its brand of enterprise-management software, HP OpenView. From September HP purchased several software companies as part of a publicized, deliberate strategy to augment its software offerings for large business customers. HP Software also provided software as a service SaaS , cloud computing solutions, and software services, including consulting, education, professional services, and support.

HP’s Office of Strategy and Technology [] had four main functions:. HP also offered managed services by which they provide complete IT-support solutions for other companies and organizations.

Some examples of these include:. In July , the company announced that it had met its target to recycle one billion pounds of electronics , toner, and ink cartridges. In , the company recovered million pounds of electronics. In , HP released its supply chain emissions data. In addition, HP has made an effort to remove toxic substances from its products, though Greenpeace has targeted the company for not doing better. In , HP was ranked fifth.

This year in the computer industry HP was ranked No. The company’s report won best corporate responsibility report of the year, [] and claims HP decreased its total energy use by 9 percent when compared with HP recovered a total of , tonnes of electronic products and supplies for recycling in , including 61 million print cartridges.

In an April San Francisco Chronicle article, HP was one of 12 companies commended for “designing products to be safe from the start, following the principles of green chemistry”. The commendations came from Environment California, an environmental advocacy group, who praised select companies in the Golden State and the Bay Area for their conservational efforts.

It was one of companies to earn the distinction of top winner and was the only computer hardware vendor to be recognized. HP was listed in Greenpeace ‘s Guide to Greener Electronics that ranks electronics manufacturers according to their policies on sustainability, energy and climate, and green products. In November , HP secured first place out of 15 in this ranking with a score of 5. It scored the most points on the new Sustainable Operations criteria, having the best program for measuring and reducing emissions of greenhouse gases from its suppliers and scoring maximum points for its thorough paper procurement policy.

HP earned recognition of its work in data privacy and security. In its rankings of consumer electronics companies on progress relating to conflict minerals , the Enough Project rated HP second out of 24 companies.

According to a BusinessWeek study, HP was the world’s 11th most valuable brand. The HP Pavilion brand was used on home entertainment laptops and all home desktops. In March , HP restated its first-quarter cash flow from operations, reducing it by 18 percent because of an accounting error.

On September 5, , Shawn Cabalfin and David O’Neil of Newsweek wrote that HP’s general counsel , at the behest of chairwoman Patricia Dunn , contracted a team of independent security experts to investigate board members and several journalists to identify the source of an information leak. Most HP employees accused of criminal acts have since been acquitted. In November , HP released a BIOS update covering a wide range of laptops with the intent to speed up the computer fan and have it run constantly while the computer was on or off [] to prevent the overheating of defective Nvidia graphics processing units GPUs that had been shipped to many of the original equipment manufacturers, including HP, Dell, and Apple.

HP also faced a class-action lawsuit in over its i7 processor computers: the complainants stated that their systems consistently locked up within 30 minutes of powering on. Even after being replaced with newer i7 systems, the lockups continued. HP filed a lawsuit in California Superior Court in Santa Clara, claiming that Oracle had breached an agreement to support the Itanium microprocessor used in HP’s high-end enterprise servers. Oracle said it would appeal both the decision and damages.

Several class action firms filed a class action lawsuit on January 12, , against HP Inc. HP, Inc. HP accused Autonomy of deliberately inflating the value of the company prior to its takeover, which the former management team of Autonomy denied.

HP was seen as problematic by the market, with margins falling and having failed to redirect and establish itself in major new markets such as cloud and mobile services. The deal was widely criticized as “absurdly high”, a “botched strategy shift” and a “chaotic” attempt to rapidly reposition HP and enhance earnings, [74] [76] [77] and had been objected to even by HP’s own CFO. HP incurred damage with its stock falling to its lowest in decades.

In August , a United States district court judge threw out a proposed settlement, which Autonomy’s previous management had argued would be collusive and intended to divert scrutiny of HP’s own responsibility and knowledge. Another term of the shareholder settlement was to sue Autonomy management, which occurred in London in HP “failed to produce a smoking gun for the fraud it alleges”, [] and its accountants admitted that they “never formally prepared anything to attribute the irregularities to the amount of the fraud”.

On October 25, , Richard Falk , the United Nations Human Rights Council ‘s Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since , called to boycott HP and other businesses that profit from Israeli settlements on occupied Palestinian lands until they brought their operations in line with international human rights and humanitarian law. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

American information technology company — This article is about the original company that existed from to For the current companies, see HP Inc.

For personal computers using this brand, see HP business desktops. HP’s headquarters in Palo Alto , California , in Traded as. Bill Hewlett David Packard. Logo used from to Logo used from [14] to Logo with “Invent” tagline introduced in [29]. Further information: List of Hewlett-Packard executive leadership. Main article: Hewlett-Packard spying scandal. San Francisco Bay Area portal Companies portal. Hewlett-Packard Enterprise. Archived from the original on June 27, Retrieved June 27, PC Pro.

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